| Moving on ice using skates can be done either in | | | | thanks to brothers Lester and Joe Patrick, who |
| indoor tracks that are specifically built for this | | | | started hockey leagues in Canada. The first ever |
| activity, or in outdoor tracks, which can be both | | | | indoor ice skating rink to be opened was in |
| man-made and naturally occurring frozen bodies | | | | Victoria, Canada, an initiative of the two brothers, |
| of water like ponds, lakes, and rivers. Ice skating | | | | and this was then cost a little more than |
| is a popular sports and recreational activity, as | | | | $100,000, with a capacity of 4,000 people. |
| well as a means for travel. | | | | Vancouver, Canada saw another ice skating rink |
| There are thousands of ice skating rinks | | | | days after, doubling the cost of the previous rink, |
| throughout the world, but for now let us center | | | | but was able to seat 10,000 people. The brothers |
| on indoor ice skating. It is noteworthy that there | | | | then started building ice skating arenas also in the |
| are many temporary ice rinks that have surfaced, | | | | United States and western Canada, and to date, |
| but these make use of wax instead of ice, | | | | the U.S. has more than 1,700 ice skating rinks, and |
| making them very difficult to skate on. | | | | cost millions of dollars to built, in contrast to the |
| Indoor ice skating rinks has an advantage over | | | | hundred thousand dollar arena in Victoria. |
| outdoor rinks in that it is more consistent in terms | | | | Indoor ice skating rinks work pretty much like air |
| of its surface, as opposed to outdoor rinks, which | | | | conditioning units and refrigerators. Underneath |
| can have varying ice quality. Indoor conditions can | | | | these rinks are enormous refrigeration and |
| be set and controlled, like for example, keeping | | | | ice-making systems that maintain the ice surface |
| the skating surface at 24 to 26 degrees | | | | all year round. The refrigerant in this system cools |
| Fahrenheit, and the humidity at around 30 percent. | | | | brinewater which is actually a calcium chloride |
| It also permits adjustment in periods of warm | | | | solution, and which is then pumped through pipes |
| outdoors, in order to adjust in turn the quality of | | | | embedded underneath the rink. Because good ice |
| the ice. Indoor ice skating rinks have dehumidifiers | | | | is attained through controlling both indoor and |
| in the building to attain a low humidity and keep | | | | outdoor temperatures, there can be great |
| the air dry, as high humidity creates fogs over | | | | variations during temperature changes, even with |
| the ice. | | | | just a one-degree change. In countries with warm |
| As already mentioned, ice skating was used in | | | | weather, there is a possibility for the ice to |
| order to get across frozen waterways in Europe | | | | soften, while in the low temperature countries, |
| thousands of years ago. In the early 1900s, | | | | skating rinks need to be heated still to maintain |
| however, modern ice rinks became very popular, | | | | good ice. |